Comprehensive Journal of Sciences is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Higher Institute of Sciences and Technology – Raqdaleen, Libya, since 2012. The journal focuses on publishing academic research in various humanities and applied disciplines, and it is issued semi-annually (in June and December) in three languages: Arabic, English, and French. The journal holds the International Standard Serial Number ISSN 3104-6266, and it has an official publication license and a legal deposit number. It also publishes special issues for scientific conferences, and its research undergoes rigorous scientific review.
الإدارة العامة للمطبوعات والمصنفات الفنيةبوزارة الثقافة والمجتمع المدني
Some difficulties and challenges faced by project students in the Social Work Department, Faculty of Arts, Al-Sawan.
This study aimed to identify some of the difficulties and challenges faced by students working on projects in the Social Work Department at the Faculty of Arts, Al-Sawani. The researcher used the descriptive method and employed interviews as a data collection tool. The study yielded the following results: The most significant difficulty was related to choosing a research topic; the second most significant was academic and scientific difficulties; the third was related to resources and capabilities; the fourth was field-related difficulties; and the fifth was related to supervisors.
difficulties, graduation project, Social Work Department.
Copyright (c) 2026 Comprehensive Journal of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
أثر التحول الرقمى في تطوير أداء مؤسسات التعليم العالي التقني ـ من من وجهة نظرأعضاء هيئة التدريس بالمعهد العالى للعلوم والتقينة رقدالين
This study aims to examine the impact of digital transformation on improving the performance of technical higher education institutions. The research focuses on three main dimensions of digital transformation: technology and infrastructure, faculty training, and digital culture. The study was conducted from the perspective of faculty members at the Higher Institute of Science and Technology in Raqdalin, the study adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and a questionnaire was used as the primary tool for data collection. The study population consisted of all faculty members at the institute, totaling 86 individuals. Due to the relatively small size of the population, a comprehensive survey was conducted, and 70 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data and test the study hypotheses. The findings revealed that the dimensions of digital transformation—technology and infrastructure, faculty training, and digital culture—are available at a high level within the institution. The results also indicated a statistically significant impact of digital culture on improving institutional performance, while technology, infrastructure, and faculty training showed no significant effect under the current conditions of the institution, The study recommends strengthening digital culture and enhancing digital transformation initiatives to support the development and improvement of performance in technical higher education institutions
Digital Transformation, Digital Culture, Institutional Performance, Technical Higher Education
أثر العوامل التكنولوجية والتنظيمية والبيئية على تبني المعاملات الإلكترونية في الشركات الصغيرة والمتوسطة بليبيا – دراسة حالة مدينة رقدالين
This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing the adoption of electronic transactions in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the city of Ragdalen, Libya, using the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework as a theoretical model for explaining organizational adoption of technological innovations. The importance of this study stems from the growing role of electronic transactions in enhancing organizational efficiency and improving business performance in light of the rapid global digital transformation. The study adopted a quantitative research approach by utilizing a structured questionnaire to collect data from a purposive sample of 120 owners and managers of SMEs in Ragdalen. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software in order to test the study hypotheses related to the impact of technological, organizational, and environmental factors on the adoption of electronic transactions. The statistical analysis revealed that technological and organizational factors have a significant positive impact on the adoption of electronic transactions within SMEs, whereas the environmental factor did not show a statistically significant effect in the applied model. These findings suggest that the adoption of electronic transactions in the Libyan context is largely driven by internal organizational factors, such as managerial support and technological readiness, rather than external environmental pressures. The study concludes that the TOE framework provides a useful lens for understanding digital adoption in SMEs within developing economies; however, the influence of its dimensions may vary depending on the specific institutional and environmental context. Based on these findings, the study recommends strengthening organizational support, investing in technological infrastructure, and developing supportive governmental policies to promote digital transformation and the wider adoption of electronic transactions in the Libyan business environment.
Electronic Transactions, SMEs, TOE Framework, Digital Transformation
Factors Influencing Students’ behavioral Intention to Use Educational Institutions’ Websites in Libya: A Case Study of the Higher Institute in Ragdalen.
This study aims to analyze the factors influencing students’ behavioral intention to use the website of the Higher Institute of Science and Technology in Ragdalen, based on the UTAUT theory. The study focused on four main variables: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions, as determinants of students’ behavioral intention to use the website. The study adopted a quantitative research approach, and data were collected through an electronic questionnaire designed according to the dimensions of the UTAUT model. The study sample consisted of 144 students, selected using convenience sampling. The data were analyzed using SPSS. The results of the study showed a statistically significant positive effect of performance expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions on students’ behavioral intention to use the website. The findings also revealed a statistically significant negative relationship between effort expectancy and behavioral intention.
UTAUT theory, intention to use, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, educational website
**Research Summary: Imam al-Bukhari's Methodology in Chronological Documentation of Prophetic Biography Events
aims to study the precise scientific methodology employed by Imam al-Bukhari in documenting the chronological sequence of Prophetic biography events in his Sahih, stemming from the scholarly significance of his work as the most authentic compilation after the Noble Quran. The importance of this study lies in the scarcity of specialized research on the chronological aspect in al-Bukhari's work and the need to highlight his meticulous approach in historical documentation. The research is organized around three main axes: The first focuses on the historical foundation of chronological documentation through the evolution of biographical recording. The second analyzes al-Bukhari’s methodology in selecting narrators and its relationship to chronological accuracy. The third reveals the purposive dimension in his documentation by linking narrations to their historical context. The study has yielded significant results, most notably: The distinction of al-Bukhari’s methodology in chronological precision through techniques of collective chain of transmission and thematic organization, its clear purposive character, and the contribution of precise narrator selection in enhancing the credibility of historical narrations. In conclusion, the research recommends developing modern analytical tools for studying chains of transmission, expanding the research scope to include other hadith sources, and utilizing the purposive methodology in studying the Prophetic biography, aiming to develop this important scholarly field.
الإمام البخاري- التوثيق الزمني - السيرة النبوية
The Level of Libyan EFL English Teacher’s Anxiety and its Effect on their Performance
This study aimed to investigate the level of English language teaching anxiety among faculty members in Libyan universities (Universities of Zawia and Sabratha) and to determine its impact on their job performance. Additionally, it sought to identify differences in anxiety levels based on demographic variables, including gender, age, and years of experience. The study employed a descriptive-analytical methodology , and the research instruments were applied to a sample of (34) faculty members. The findings revealed that the overall level of teaching anxiety among the sample was generally moderate. The results also indicated a low impact of teaching anxiety on job performance , suggesting that faculty members possess a high capacity to separate psychological stressors from their professional commitments. Regarding demographic variables, statistical tests (T-test and ANOVA) demonstrated no statistically significant differences in anxiety levels attributable to gender , age , or years of experience. This reflects that teaching anxiety is a shared professional phenomenon that transcends individual and occupational backgrounds. The study recommended providing psychological support programs and training workshops to enhance coping mechanisms for the pressures of university teaching
Evidence from the 2023 Derna Floods in Libya: Institutional Capability for Disaster Response in Fragile States
In fragile and conflict-affected governments, where governance flaws frequently turn environmental hazards into humanitarian catastrophes, disasters increasingly test the institutional capabilities of these states. This report uses a detailed case study of the 2023 Derna floods to assess Libya's institutional readiness and response capability. Data from documentary sources and semi-structured interviews with frontline rescuers and local officials directly involved in rescue and relief efforts were gathered using a qualitative case study design. The results show that long-standing institutional flaws, such as disjointed governance, deteriorating vital infrastructure, a lack of early warning systems, and poor inter-agency coordination, greatly exacerbated the extent of the destruction in Derna. Despite these limitations, the emergency phase was significantly mitigated by strong community cohesion and outside support. The study comes to the conclusion that proactive institutional transformation, such as unified national coordinating mechanisms, infrastructure governance, responder training, and integrated early warning systems, is necessary to improve catastrophe outcomes in Libya rather than reactive crisis management.
Libya, Derna floods, institutional capability, disaster preparedness, fragile states, Response to emergencies
اللهجات –عموما- هي لغة يُتواصل بها أهلها فيما بينهم؛ لتبادل الفكر الإنساني؛ لذا يجب أن يتّفق أصحابها على نظام محددّ؛ ليرتقي التواصل الفكري بين أفراد البيئة الواحدة، ويُعدّ الإعلال الصرفي في اللهجة الليبية، من أهمّ الأنظمة اللغوية؛ لذا تناول البحث دراسة مقارنة في نظام الإعلال الصرفي بالقلب والنقل والحذف، بين اللغة العربية الأمّ، واللهجة الليبية غرب طرابلس ، وأظهرت النتائج أنّ هناك تطابقا مذهلا -أثار دهشة الباحثة- بين الفصحى واللهجة -محلّ الدراسة- في معظم قواعد الإعلال، إلاّ النزر القليل منها، يكشف لنا عن مدى أصالة هذه اللهجة، ما يدلّ على رسوخ هذه الظاهرة في البنية العربية المشتركة، واستمرارية الظاهرة الصرفية عبر المستويات اللغوية المختلفة، ولا ينفي هذا وجود بعض الاختلافات، تفرضها الخصوصية اللهجية، والسياقات التداولية، من ذلك خصوصية عدول اللهجة الليبية –عموما- عن قلب العلّة همزة، ومعالجة ذلك في حدود قواعد الأمّ ولا تحيد عنها.
الإعلال – تُقلب – الواو - الياء – الهمزة – تُحذف – تُنقل – اللهجة الليبية
المفاضلة الصوتية بين المخرج والسمة وأثرها في الدلالة
This study examines phonetic preference in Arabic through points of articulation and phonetic features and their impact on lexical and contextual meaning. It argues that variation in speech performance does not alter the overall phonological system, which remains a key reference for interpreting linguistic phenomena. The study outlines consonants and vowels and describes major features (e.g., voicing vs. devoicing, plosiveness vs. frication, elevation and emphaticness) to build criteria for phonetic strength and weakness. It then links these criteria to meaning through lexical examples showing how sound differences correlate with semantic nuance. An applied analysis of selected verses from Sūrat al-Burūj demonstrates how sound structure aligns with contextual meaning, especially in expressions of oath, grandeur, and warning. The study concludes that articulatory and feature-based patterns shape sound meaning and enhance verbal craftsmanship, supporting clearer, more effective expression.
phonetic preference, points of articulation, phonetic features, sound symbolism, contextual meaning, Sūrat al-Burūj, emphaticness
The Role of Early Childhood Education Institutions in Fostering Values in Kindergarten Children from Parents’ Perspectives.
This study aimed to identify the role of kindergarten institutions in developing values among preschool children from the parents’ perspective. The study sample consisted of (50) parents. The descriptive–analytical approach was adopted, and a questionnaire was used to collect data from the study sample. The study reached the following results: -The role of kindergarten institutions in developing values among preschool children, from the parents’ perspective, was rated at a high level. -There were statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) in the role of kindergarten institutions in developing values among preschool children from the parents’ perspective, attributable to the gender variable, in favor of fathers. -There were statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) in the role of kindergarten institutions in developing values among preschool children from the parents’ perspective, attributable to the educational level variable, in favor of parents with a high educational level.
Role – Kindergarten Institutions – Value Development among Preschool Children – Parents’ Perspective
The Impact of Nanomaterials on Improving the Efficiency of Solar Cells: A Modern Analytical Study
Nanomaterials represent one of the primary pillars in developing modern solar cell technologies due to their ability to modify optical and electronic properties at the nanometric level. Consequently, the world is witnessing a significant shift toward clean energy, with solar cells being one of the most prominent of these technologies. This study aims to analyze the latest research (2024/2025) related to the impact of nanostructures (nanoparticles and quantum dots) on improving photovoltaic conversion efficiency. Experimental results were linked to the physical foundations governing solar cell operation. The results indicate that integrating nanostructures can increase practical efficiency by 5-20%, depending on the cell type, offering future prospects for surpassing traditional theoretical limits.
Determinants of Economic Growth in a Resource-Dependent Economy: An Endogenous Approach to Libya (1990–2023)
This study investigates the primary determinants of economic growth in Libya from 1990 to 2023 through the lens of endogenous growth theory. Utilizing an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, the research empirically evaluates the short- and long-run impacts of macroeconomic variables—including Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), inflation, government expenditure, trade openness, gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), and oil prices—on real GDP growth. The empirical findings reveal that while trade openness and oil prices exert a statistically significant positive effect on economic expansion, variables such as government expenditure, GFCF, and FDI present counterintuitive negative coefficients. These results underscore the severe structural inefficiencies, institutional deficits, and "resource curse" phenomena prevalent in the Libyan economy. The paper concludes that to achieve sustainable endogenous growth, Libya must transcend its heavy reliance on hydrocarbon revenues by improving institutional quality, redirecting public expenditure toward human capital and R&D, and creating an absorptive environment for productive capital spillovers.
Endogenous Growth, ARDL Model, Libyan Economy, Foreign Direct Investment, Macroeconomic Determinants, Resource Curse
دور المراجعة الداخلية في تحسين الاداء المالي (دراسة تطبيقية على صندوق الضمان الاجتماعي فرع المنطقة الغربية )
This study aimed to examine the role of internal auditing in improving financial performance within public sector institutions, through an applied study on the Social Security Fund – Western Region Branch. The research problem focused on determining the extent to which internal auditing contributes to enhancing financial performance amid the financial and administrative challenges faced by public institutions. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, using a questionnaire as the main data collection tool. The questionnaire was distributed to a stratified random sample of (23) employees working at the Social Security Fund. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study reached a number of conclusions, most notably a statistically significant relationship between the efficiency and effectiveness of internal auditing and improved financial performance. The study recommended the need to activate the role of internal auditing, develop its procedures, and enhance its independence.
Internal audit, financial performance, social security
A taxonomic and morphological study of the harmal plant (Peganum harmala) and the extent of the effect of the alcoholic extract of its seeds on the kidney tissue in male albino rabbits in Sunman City
This preliminary study connduted in Libya aimed to investigate the effect of the alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala seeds on the kidney tissue of adult male albino rabbits , the animals were divided into groups and treated with different concentrations of the extract , the results showed highly significant differences between the groups (P<o.oo1) across all measured histomorphometric parametric parameters , the group treated with 30% extract exhibited clear histological changes , including vascular congestion and a marked increase in glomerular size compared to the control group , in contrast, the group treated with 10% extract showed only mild structural alterations .
نبات الحرمل - النسيج الكلوي للأرانب - القياسات المورفومترية - مدينة صرمان
الخدمة الاجتماعية ودورها في رعاية الاطفال
This study analyzes the role of social work in child welfare by clarifying children’s needs and problems and identifying the professional roles of social workers within care institutions. A descriptive-analytical approach was adopted. Children’s needs were classified into biological, cognitive, social, and emotional dimensions, while their problems were categorized as environmental and personal. The findings indicate that social work performs three main roles: preventive, therapeutic, and developmental. The study emphasizes strengthening professional programs and improving social workers’ competencies to enhance the quality of child welfare services.
Social Work, Child Welfare, Preventive Role, Therapeutic Role, Developmental Role.
إدارة الموارد البشرية ودورها في الحد من مستوي ضغوط العمل في المؤسسات المصرفية "دراسة تطبيقية على المصارف التجارية العاملة بمنطقة وادي الشاطئ (المصرف التجاري الوطني فرع براك، القرضة، اداري_مصرف الجمهورية فرع برقن، قطة)"
This study aims to examine the role of human resource management in reducing work stress within banking institutions the study was conducted on a sample of commercial banks operating in wadi al shati (Bark al order branch) jumhouria bank (Barqan,qutha branch )the importance of this study arises from the challenges faced by the banking sector due to work stress experienced by employees which may negatively affect performance e levels and the quality of services provided despite the noticeable advancement in modern technologies the study also highlights the pivtal role of human resource management in utilizing human competencies and directing them in ways that improve the work environment and reduce occupational stress the study adopted the descriptive analytical approach and a questionnaire was used as the main tool for data collection it was distributed to a sample of 33 employees working in the banks under study the collected data were analyzed using SPSS the findings revealed a statistically significant relationship between human resource management practices and the reduction of work stress within banking institutions.
The Impact of Banking Integration and Partnerships on Geopolitical Risk Management for Electronic Payment Systems: A Field Study on Libyan Commercial Banks (Al-Jumhouria Bank, Al-Sahari Bank)
This study aims to explore the impact of banking integration and partnership on managing the geopolitical and systemic risks of electronic payment systems, applied to the Libyan banking environment, specifically focusing on (Jumhouria Bank and Sahara Bank). The research problem crystallizes in the "interdependency dilemma" and the near-total reliance on a centralized infrastructure (the National Switch), which creates a sovereign "single point of failure". This dependency makes the payment infrastructure highly vulnerable to political conflicts, institutional divisions, and geopolitical cyber threats. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing a questionnaire to collect data from a purposive sample of 40 technical and administrative staff members at Jumhouria and Sahara banks. The results revealed a significant success in achieving technical integration with the National Switch; however, this progress was not matched by a similar level of security and sovereign integration. Furthermore, the findings proved that excessive centralized reliance, in the absence of decentralized contingency plans, creates severe vulnerability to geopolitical shocks. The study recommended the necessity of transitioning to "Zero Trust" models in APIs, establishing alternative and geographically distributed sovereign data centers, and founding a unified cyber operations room to enhance operational and sovereign resilience.
Banking Integration, Electronic Payment Systems, Geopolitical Risks, National Switch, Sovereign Cybersecurity, Libyan Banks
Effect of Partial Replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement with Local Marble Waste Powder on the Workability and Compressive Strength of Concrete
The world is witnessing significant advancements in building materials technologies, particularly in the application of sustainability principles and addressing environmental challenges. These challenges include the increasing volume of construction and demolition waste currently disposed of in landfills, which is not a sustainable solution. One of the most important sustainable building materials technologies is the utilization of construction and demolition waste as a partial replacement for concrete components, resulting in economical green concrete with properties similar to the original product. One such waste material is marble waste, which requires large areas of land for disposal. Despite numerous global studies on this topic, there is limited local awareness regarding its potential use in concrete. This research aims to investigate the replacement of Portland cement with marble powder in standard 30 MPa concrete at percentages of 10%, 20%, and 30%, and to determine the impact on the concrete's fresh and hardened properties through slump and compressive strength tests. The results showed that the 28-day compressive strength is acceptable up to a 10% replacement with marble powder, achieving a compressive strength of 27.3 MPa. Replacing cement with marble powder increases the workability of concrete. Furthermore, replacing cement with a waste construction materials powder significantly reduces costs. Experiments have shown that one to two bags of cement can be reduced per cubic meter of concrete without significantly affecting its properties.
Construction waste, marble, green concrete, partial cement replacement, sustainable building materials
The Effectiveness of AI-Powered Advertising on Startup Growth Compared to Traditional Methods A Comparative Study Between Traditional and AI-Powered Advertising Methods
This research aims to examine the effectiveness of AI-powered advertising on startups by comparing traditional advertising with advertising supported by artificial intelligence. The analytical and comparative approaches were employed to highlight the fundamental differences in the efficiency and effectiveness of modern advertising methods compared to traditional ones. The results showed that advertising, especially through AI technologies, significantly contributes to enhancing customer engagement, increasing reach, and thereby supporting the growth of startups. The researcher recommends that entrepreneurs adopt innovative advertising methods to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.
startups, artificial intelligence, traditional advertising, marketing performance, financial performance
Digital Currencies and the Challenges of Issuing Them by Central Banks (A Case Study of the Central Bank of Libya)
This study investigates the feasibility and viability of issuing a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), a "Digital Dinar," in Libya, as a potential tool to address the country's deep-rooted economic and structural challenges, primarily the persistent liquidity crisis, the prevalence of the informal economy, and low financial inclusion. The research employs an analytical methodology that combines a review of the global theoretical framework for CBDCs with an in-depth case study of Libya's financial and digital environment. A SWOT analysis was utilized to assess the project's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, while also drawing lessons from pioneering international experiences such as Project "Aber" (Saudi Arabia & UAE) and the "eNaira" (Nigeria). The study concludes that the motivation for a Digital Dinar in Libya stems from urgent domestic necessities rather than merely following a global trend. It reveals a fundamental paradox: high public demand for digital payments coexisting with a fragile electricity and telecommunications infrastructure. The analysis indicates that the project is a "double-edged sword," offering immense opportunities but facing severe threats related to cybersecurity, a legislative vacuum, and political instability. Consequently, the study determines that a "big-bang" launch approach is unsuitable for Libya, and the optimal strategic choice is a hybrid and phased model. The study recommends the establishment of a high-level national committee, the immediate development of the legal framework, and the adoption of a gradual approach starting with a wholesale CBDC (wCBDC) pilot before moving to a retail CBDC (rCBDC). It gives the highest priority to developing offline payment solutions as a fundamental prerequisite for success.
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), Digital Dinar, Central Bank of Libya, Liquidity Crisis, Financial Inclusion, Informal Economy, SWOT Analysis
The Role of E-Governance in Enhancing the Competitiveness of Commercial Banks A Field Study on Customers of Commercial Bank Branches in Zawiya City
This study aimed to identify the role of e-governance in enhancing the competitiveness of Libyan commercial banks from the perspective of customers of bank branches in the city of Zawiya. The study adopted the descriptive-analytical approach and used a questionnaire as the main tool for data collection from a random sample of 235 customers of Jumhouria Bank and Wahda Bank. The study examined four dimensions of e-governance: discipline, transparency, accountability, and responsibility. The results revealed a relatively high level of e-governance implementation in the banks under study and showed a statistically significant relationship between the dimensions of e-governance and competitiveness. Responsibility ranked first, followed by transparency, accountability, and finally discipline. The study recommended improving technological infrastructure, training employees, and expanding the use of modern electronic tools in order to improve banking services and strengthen the competitiveness of Libyan commercial banks.
E-governance, Competitiveness, Commercial Banks, Transparency, Accountability, Responsibility, Discipline, Zawiya
School Bullying and its Relationship to Academic Achievement among Ninth Grade Students in Al-Khums Schools: An Empirical Study
This research aims to identify the relationship between school bullying and academic achievement among ninth-grade students in schools in Al-Khums city. The research sample consisted of 100 male and female students. The descriptive correlational approach was used, along with two scales: school bullying and academic achievement. Several statistical methods were employed to achieve the research objectives, including Pearson's coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, t-test, and linear regression. The research concluded that the sample rarely engages in physical, verbal, or social bullying. Statistically significant differences were found between males and females in all types of bullying, favoring females. Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship was found between the combined dimensions of bullying and academic achievement.
School bullying, academic achievement, ninth grade
Analyzing the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage and their impact on physical performance in healthy individuals
Body composition is an important indicator in assessing an individual's health and physical condition, as measuring body fat percentage provides more accurate information than body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to analyze the relationship between BMI and body fat percentage, on the one hand, and levels of physical performance, including cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and flexibility, on the other, in healthy individuals. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach and included a sample of 67 male and female participants with a mean age of 20.70 ± 10.14 years. Height and weight were measured using a BMI calculator, while body fat percentage was determined using a body composition analyzer. Physical performance was assessed using tests of respiratory capacity, grip strength, leg and back muscle strength, and flexibility. The results showed a positive correlation between BMI and body fat percentage, and a negative correlation between higher body fat percentage and physical performance levels, particularly in muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness. The results indicate that body fat percentage is a more accurate indicator than body mass index (BMI) in explaining variations in physical performance levels. The study recommends considering body composition measurements alongside BMI when assessing individuals' fitness and health.
Body mass index, body fat percentage, physical performance, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength
Tunisian-Libyan Foreign Policy After 2011
Tunisia and Libya remain at a crossroads. Although Libya has opened a new chapter in its transition must confront the third impossibility: securing the country from the start, unifying it, and paving the way for successful general elections. Thus, Tunisia succeeds in consolidating its democracy in a society experiencing economic, social, and political crises, The Libyan investments in the tourism sector declined by approximately 60 percent following terrorist attacks in 2015 and 2016 involving Tunisian extremists with ties to Libya. The Libyan crisis has negatively impacted the flow of foreign investment and reduced the number of tourists seeking to spend their holidays in Tunisia. According to the Barcelona Centre for International Affairs, approximately three million Tunisians depend on Libya, either through remittances from Tunisian workers or black market activities in the border region. The World Bank estimates that the Libyan crisis was responsible for 24 percent of Tunisia's economic growth slowdown between 2011 and 2015. Since then, this figure has increased significantly, amounting to approximately 2 percent of GDP annually.
السوق السوداء، المنطقة الحدودية ، الناتج المحلي
Reduce Fuel Consumption in Poultry Houses by Leveraging Day-Night Temperature Variations in the MENA Region.
This paper presents the development of an algorithm aimed at reducing fuel consumption in poultry houses, specifically designed to leverage the significant differences in day and night temperatures in the MENA region during winter. This algorithm is a key component of a comprehensive Poultry House Management System (PHMS). The proposed algorithm adjusts heating and ventilation parameters based on real-time environmental data and bird activity levels. By exploiting natural temperature fluctuations, dynamically allowing more fresh air into the house during warm time of the day and reducing it to a minimum during cold time during the night, the algorithm demonstrated a substantial reduction in fuel usage—up to 30%—without compromising the health and productivity of the poultry, contributing to the overall efficiency of the PHMS. Additionally, increased fresh air intake helps dry litter pads and remove moisture, further enhancing the poultry house environment.
Echoes of the Scientific Efforts (Translation and Authorship) of the Libyan Historian Muhammad al-Wafi in Some Local and French Newspapers
This study sheds light on the impact of the scholarly efforts of the Libyan historian Muhammad al-Wafi in several local and French newspapers. These efforts include a book in French, originally a doctoral dissertation in philosophy, and translations from French into Arabic of historical books on the Islamic and modern history of Libya. Al-Wafi's interest stemmed from the importance of these sources in documenting historical facts. When a people's history is written by an author from a foreign country, which differs in ethnicity, religion, and language, the information presented requires careful scrutiny and verification by those translating it into the original language.
Impact – Scholarly efforts – Authorship – Translation – Newspapers – Historical facts – Annals – Charles Féraud – Treaty of Ouchy-Lausanne
Amal EMhemmed Abu Zaid Sultan al-Qaddafi
The investigation of the Effect of using E-learning in Database Course by using Moodle
Despite the proliferation of E-learning in education world-wide, this methodology is not implemented on Libyan context. therefore, there is a need to investigate the effect of deploying eLearning methodology in higher education. The aim purpose of this study is to develop E-learning database by using Moodle open source (learning management system). The secondary purpose is to compare the effects of two different modes of teaching (E-learning, and traditional classroom) on student achievement used in database course at (High institute of medical technology Abosalim ). A study was developed to examine student’s achievement in database course by comparing results of final test for both modes of delivery. The sample was (16 students at classroom mode and 15 students at E-learning mode).The final results showed that the mean difference between the test of the two groups by using the T.test was that the E-learning group obtained a higher achievement of statistical significance than the traditional education group at the significance level (P <0.05). These results indicate that database E-learning course is well-designed and can be very effective for students' achievements.
Intelligent Hybrid Control of Wind Energy Conversion Systems for Enhanced Stability and Efficiency
As wind energy becomes a bigger part of our power grid, we are running into a serious problem: wind is messy. Its unpredictable, nonlinear nature makes it incredibly difficult to keep the system stable and efficient. Old-school tools like PI and PID controllers are great for steady power, but they tend to fall apart when faced with sudden gusts or shifting weather. This study introduces a smarter way to handle that chaos using an intelligent hybrid control framework designed to keep the system steady and maximize energy capture, no matter what the wind is doing. Our approach does not just rely on one tool; it combines fuzzy logic, neural networks, and evolutionary optimization to create a system that can "think" and adapt in real-time. By mixing rule-based logic with machine learning, this hybrid setup can automatically tweak things like rotor speed and blade pitch on the fly. We have backed this up with a deep dive into the math of turbine dynamics, proving that these intelligent hybrids are far more robust and efficient than the controllers We have used for decades. Ultimately, this work offers a new blueprint for building the kind of reliable, high-tech wind systems we need for the grids of tomorrow.
Wind Energy Conversion Systems; Intelligent Control; Hybrid Control; Fuzzy Logic; Artificial Neural Networks; System Stability; Energy Efficiency
The Impact of Applying Islamic Murabaha in Libyan Commercial Banks on Profitability Rates: An Applied Study at Al-Jumhouria Bank
This study aims to demonstrate the impact of Murabaha financing on the profitability of banks operating in Libya. To achieve this objective, the study examined profitability indicators, namely Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), at Al-Jumhouria Bank for the years 2013-2024. The study employed a descriptive methodology and statistical analysis to determine the statistically significant impact of Murabaha financing on Al-Jumhouria Bank's profitability. One of the key findings of the study is that Murabaha financing has a positive, but not statistically significant, impact on the ROA and ROE of Al-Jumhouria Bank during the study period.
المرابحة الإسلامية - المصارف التجارية – ليبيا - معدلات الربحية
Design of a simple robot for the repair process of industrial piping systems
The repair process of industrial piping systems is a serious problem because of its inaccessibility, unsafe conditions, and high cost of operations. The manual inspection and maintenance techniques used in the traditional processes tend to expose the workers to risks of safety and also they consume more time. This paper suggests developing a basic, inexpensive, robotic system that would be utilized specifically to examine and inspect the piping system within industrial facilities as well as carry out its simple maintenance. The suggested robotic system is aimed at mechanical simplicity, modularity, and deployment simplicity at a cost of a reasonable level of functionality and reliability. The robot can follow both straight and curved pipes, identify any surface deformities (corrosion and blockages) and provide real time visual information. The design process combines actuator selection, control architecture and mechanical modeling with components that are readily available. The proposed mechanism is experimentally validated to behave in simulated industrial conditions with a high level of accuracy. The results indicate that compared to the use of complex and expensive inspection robots, simple robots can be used to provide an effective alternative to robots to perform simple robotic tasks, especially to small and medium-sized industrial facilities. The study has a contribution to the research of industrial robotics by highlighting matters of practical design and low-cost automation of infrastructure repairs.
Pipe inspection robot, industrial maintenance, robotics, automation, piping systems.