The Development of Shi'a Thought and its Impact on the Formation of Current Iranian Policy (The Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist as a Model)

Abstract

The issue of Imamate and infallibility is one of the complex topics that requires the development of Islamic Shiite thought since its beginnings and the foundations or references it relies on. 

The theory of Imamate, which confines the right to leadership and guiding Muslims to the Ahl al-Bayt and rejects the system of consultation (Shura) as a method for selecting the Imam, is based on the requirements of infallibility, divine designation, and appointment by God. 

The topic of Imamate and the right to it has become a main concern for thinkers throughout the ages, and scholars have differed in their approach to it according to their sectarian references. 

The aim of preparing this research paper is to trace the development of Shiite political thought through its stages, from its beginnings to the emergence of the theory of the Guardianship of the Jurist (Wilayah al-Faqih). 

The central issue of the study revolves around the legitimacy of the Imamate and the Guardianship of the Jurist: is it a matter of doctrinal belief or a result of Islamic political intellectual development? The Imamate, both juristically and in belief, extends throughout human history, which has prompted many questions that are answered in their respective places

In light of the study's issues and the questions raised, it relied on proving a single hypothesis, which is that the theory of the Guardianship of the Jurist (Wilayat al-Faqih) emerged as a result of the development of Shiite political thought and specific doctrinal necessities, and that it had an impact on some Islamic countries.

The writing relied on a descriptive, analytical, and critical method to achieve the research goal, which is to trace Shiism back to its historical and doctrinal origins and the relationship of the Imamate to the theory of the Guardianship of the Jurist..