The Effect of an Early Movement Exercise Program on Improving Shoulder Range of Motion in Newborns with Shoulder Dislocation

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Neonatal shoulder dislocation is a rare but serious injury, often resulting from birth trauma. It may lead to damage to developing cartilage, severe restriction of range of motion, and long-term upper limb dysfunction if not intervened early. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an early natural intervention program (SMAV) in improving passive and active shoulder range of motion in neonates with shoulder dislocation.

Methods: The researcher used a one-group repeated measures experimental design (pretest – first follow-up – second follow-up – posttest). The main sample included 10 neonates diagnosed with neonatal shoulder dislocation at the Taraghun Teaching Hospital Physiotherapy Center, after excluding 3 participants from the pilot study. Their ages ranged from 1–4 weeks at the start of the program. Participants underwent an 8‑week early natural intervention program (3 sessions per week). Shoulder range of motion (ROM) was measured using a digital pediatric goniometer.

Results: The results showed statistically significant differences between repeated measurements in favor of the posttest in all ROM variables (p < 0.01). Flexion improved from 72.4° ± 10.5° to 148.6° ± 9.8° (105.2% improvement), abduction improved from 65.8° ± 12.1° to 141.3° ± 10.5° (114.7% improvement), and external rotation increased from 42.6° ± 9.4° to 78.5° ± 6.8° (84.3% improvement). Follow‑up measurements showed a gradual improvement curve across the program phases.

Conclusion: The early natural intervention program (SMAV) is an effective and safe treatment for improving range of motion in neonates with shoulder dislocation. This standardized protocol is recommended as an integral part of standard care for these patients.