The Effect of Marble Powder Addition on the Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC)

Abstract

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is one of the most significant recent developments in concrete technology, owing to its ability to flow and fill formwork under its own weight without mechanical vibration. This study investigates the use of marble powder, an industrial waste material abundant in Libya, as a partial cement replacement (10% by weight) in SCC mixes. An experimental program evaluated fresh properties (Slump Flow test), hardened properties (compressive strength at 7, 28, and 56 days), and water permeability, alongside a comparison between normal concrete and SCC produced with first-generation (Fosroc Conplast SP491) and third-generation (Nano-Flow2000, Sikaplast-800) superplasticizers. Results showed that marble powder increased flowability by 13.85% relative to the reference mix, while early-age (7-day) compressive strength decreased by about 27.5%; this gap narrowed with age until it nearly matched the reference mix at 56 days, whereas permeability resistance clearly deteriorated. Third-generation admixtures outperformed first-generation admixtures and normal concrete at all ages. The study concludes that marble powder is a promising material for improving workability and reducing mix cost, but its use in load-bearing or moisture-exposed elements requires further study of alternative replacement ratios and permeability mitigation.