Manifestations of Environmental Pollution in Libyan Oases and its Impact on the Sustainability of Water Resources

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the patterns of environmental pollution in three Libyan oases—Al-Jaghbub, Jalu, and Al-Kufra—and to examine its impact on the sustainability of groundwater resources under arid climatic conditions and increasing human pressures. A field-based methodology was adopted, including the collection and analysis of water and soil samples, and the measurement of key indicators such as total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrate concentrations, pH levels, soil salinity (EC), and soil moisture. Visual pollution and environmental degradation resulting from agricultural practices and untreated wastewater were also assessed.

The results reveal significant variation among the three oases. Al-Kufra recorded the highest levels of pollution, particularly in TDS, nitrates, and EC, indicating severe deterioration in groundwater and soil quality. Jalu exhibited high nitrate levels due to intensive agricultural activities, while Al-Jaghbub showed the lowest pollution levels but still suffered from salinization issues. Overall, the findings indicate that environmental pollution poses a serious threat to the sustainability of water resources in Libyan oases. Addressing this challenge requires integrated water resource management, reduced unsustainable agricultural practices, and improved wastewater treatment systems.